MOROCCO

The Alawi Dynasty

GENEALOGY

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1894 - 1908 His Sharifian Majesty Sultan Mulay 'Abdu'l-Aziz bin Hasan, Sultan of Fez, Tafilalt, Marrakesh and Sus, Amir al-Mu'minin, GCB (c 19.7.1901). b. at the Dar al-Makhzin, Marrakesh, 24th February 1878, fourth son of His Sharifian Majesty Sultan 'Abu 'Ali Mulay Hasan I bin Muhammad, Sultan of Morocco, Fez, Tafilalt, Marrakesh and Sus, Amir al-Mu'minin, by his fifth wife, Lalla Ruqiya, a Turkish lady from Constantinople, educ. privately. Appointed as Heir Apparent by his father. Proclaimed on his death, 7th June 1894. Reigned under the regency of Si Ahmad Ben Moussa, until he assumed full ruling powers 13th May 1900. He then began an extensive programme of reform and modernisation aimed at bringing his kingdom into line with modern European states. He separated the spiritual and temporal functions of the ruler, handing over control of religious affairs to the Muslim clergy. He instituted cabinet government and a salaried civil service, liberalised trade and prohibited discrimination on any basis. These reforms not only stirred tensions amongst powerful provincial families and religious groups, but they also proved costly. Forced to appeal to the European powers for a huge loan, he was required to sign the Act of Algeciras, surrendering control over large parts of the economy, the military and financial administration to France, Spain, and other countries. This alienated many of his subjects further, and he was forced to abdicate in favour of his elder half-brother, after a year of turmoil and civil unrest, 12th August 1908. Thereafter resided in the international enclave at Tangiers. Rcvd: GC of the Orders of the Red Eagle 1st class of Prussia (1905), Legion of Honour of France (x.9.1907), etc. m. (first) … m. (second) Lalla Yasmin, of the Alawi family. He d. at Tangiers, 10th June 1943 (bur. Mosque of Si 'Abdu'llah, Fez), having had issue, one son and one daughter:
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1908 - 1912 His Sharifian Majesty Sultan Mulay 'Abdu'l-Hafiz bin Hasan, Sultan of Morocco, Sultan of Fez, Tafilalt, Marrakesh and Sus, Amir al-Mu'minin. b. at Fez, 24th February 1876, third son of His Sharifian Majesty Sultan 'Abu 'Ali Mulay Hasan I bin Muhammad, Sultan of Morocco, Fez, Tafilalt, Marrakesh and Sus, Amir al-Mu'minin, by his first wife, Lalla Aliya al-Sattatiya, educ. privately. Minister for Foreign Affairs 1894-1897, Khalifa of Tiznit 1897-1901, and of Marrakesh 1901-1907. Proclaimed as Sultan of the Jihad, in opposition to his younger half-brother, at Fez on 16th August 1907, and at Marrakesh on 4th June 1908. Succeeded on his abdication, 12th August 1908. Recognised by the French government, 5th January 1909. Founded the Orders of Protection (Wissam al-Hafizi) and of Military Merit (Wisam al-Istahqaq al-Askari) on 7th August 1910. Attempted to continue his brother's programme of reform, publishing a proposed constitution which enshrined personal liberty, security of property, and free education. However, he was faced with exactly the same issues as his predecessor, continuing revolt in the regions and lack of funds, with one difference. This time, the French and Spanish had poured in large numbers of their troops to protect their citizens. As a consequence, and as a means of quelling continuing unrest, he yielded and signed the Treaty of Fez establishing a French Protectorate over Morocco on 30th March 1912. Forced to abdicate in favour of his younger half-brother, 12th August 1912. Went into exile in Barcelona 1914 and later to France. Rcvd: GC of the Legion of Honour of France (1909). m. (first) at Marrakesh, December 1907, Lalla Rabia, sixth daughter of H.E. Kaid al-Madani al-Fiki al-Glaoui, sometime Grand Vizier and Minister for War, by his senior wife, Lalla Ijah bint Ahmad. m. (second) at Marrakesh, December 1907, Lalla Rabaha, daughter of Hammu al-Zayyani. m. (third) July 1910, a daughter of H.E. Haji Muhammad al-Muqri, sometime Grand Vizier. He d. in exile at Castel St Georges, Enghien-les-Bains, France, 4th April 1937 (bur. Mosque of Si 'Abdu'llah, Fez), having had issue, three sons and two daughters:
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MOROCCO 1 MOROCCO 2 MOROCCO 3 MOROCCO 4
MOROCCO 5 MOROCCO 6 MOROCCO 7 MOROCCO 8
MOROCCO 9 MOROCCO 11 MOROCCO 12 MOROCCO 13
MOROCCO 14 ORDERS & DECORATIONS MAIN
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