CAMBOA14

CAMBODIA

The Varman Dynasty

GENEALOGY

Note: the reign dates in the following list are those for members of the Royal House who held rank as "Supreme King". They differ from other sources, which may tend to give dates according to the hold on executive power. There have been many occasions in Cambodian history when two or more kings reigned simultaneously, with executive power wielded by a son, father, or uncle of the reigning monarch. Regal styles were usually bestowed on these individuals, differenced with a certain degree of Eastern subtlety not easily appreciated by Western observers.

1296 - 1307 Brhat Pada Samdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Parama Rajadhiraja Dharmika Vararattana Parama Maha Chakrapatra Sanithya Isvara Kumbul Krung Kambuja Maha Indrapati Rattana Sila Adipati Sri Sudha Pawara Gururatta Rajadhani Purirama Udama Maha Sadhana Amara Vimanavatana Sattal Sakula Ridhi Vishnuvakama Prasidhi Brhat Paramanatha Parama Bupati, King of Cambodia. b. 1237, son of Padma the hermit. Chief of the Royal Gardens in early adult life and nicknamed Nai Trasak Paem ("chief of the tasty cucumbers"). Killed his father-in-law and seized the throne in 1296. His reign marked the advent of Theravada Buddhism as the state religion, and the end of Brahminism. m. Queen (Samdach Brhat Bhagavati) Sri Chandravathi Varavathirajini Maha Kshatryi, daughter of Brhat Pada Samdach Brhat Simhahanu Maharajadhiraja Ramadipati [Sihanouk I], King of Cambodia, by his wife, Anang In. He d. 1307, having had issue, inlcuding two sons:
- 1) Phon Anak Nai Jaya [Ta-Chey], who succeeded as Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Rajankariya Brhat Parama Nirvana Pada Paramanatha Parama Bupati, King of Cambodia (s/o Sri Chandravathi) - see below.
- 2) Prince Sidhanta Raja, who succeeded as Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Rajankariya Brhat Sidhanta Rajadhiraja Ramadipati, King of Cambodia (s/o Sri Chandravathi) - see below.

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1307 - 1327 Brhat Parama Meak Raja [Phon Anak Tasuasa], King of Cambodia, younger son of Padma the hermit. Succeeded on the death of his elder brother, 1307. He d. 1327 or 1340.

1340 - 1346 Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Rajankariya Brhat Parama Nirvana Pada Paramanatha Parama Bupati, King of Cambodia. b. 1292, as Phon Anak Nai Jaya, elder son of Brhat Pada Samdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Parama Rajadhiraja Dharmika Vararattana Parama Maha Chakrapatra Sanithya Isvara Kumbul Krung Kambuja Maha Indrapati Rattana Sila Adipati Sri Sudha Pawara Gururatta Rajadhani Purirama Udama Maha Sadhana Amara Vimanavatana Sattal Sakula Ridhi Vishnuvakama Prasidhi Brhat Paramanatha Parama Bupati, King of Cambodia, by his wife, Queen (Samdach Brhat Bhagavati) Sri Chandravathi Varavathirajini Maha Kshatryi, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his uncle, 1340. He ruled over a vast empire covering Cambodia, Laos, parts of Siam, Cochin-China and Tonkin. He d. 1346, having had issue:
- 1) Prince (Brhat) Lambangsasa Raja, who succeeded as Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Parama Lambangsasa Rajadhiraja Ramadipati, King of Cambodia - see below.
- 2) Samdach Brhat Maha Uparaja Brhat Sri Suriyadaya. b. 1329, educ. privately. Appointed as Heir Apparent and crowned with the title of Samdach Brhat Maha Uparaja, 1347. Became Regent on the death of his elder brother, 1349. Defeated the Siamese invasion of 1351. Became the legitimate successor to his elder brother, on his death in late 1353. Proclaimed as King with the title of Brhat Pada Samdach Brhat Sri Suriyadaya Rajadhiraja, 1354. Retired to Laos and continued a campaign of resistence which resulted in the capture of the capital in 1357. He was k. un battle against the Siamese, 1359, having had issue:
  - a) Prince (Brhat) Sri Suriya Varman, who succeeded as Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Sri Suriya Varman Rajadhiraja [Sri Suriya Varman II], King of Cambodia - see below.
  - b) …, who had issue:
    - i) Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Paramasukha Maharajadhiraja, King of Cambodia - see below.
- 3) Prince (Brhat) Sugandarapada. He had issue:
  - a) Prince (Brhat) Sri Suriya Varman, who succeeded as Brhat Pada Samdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Sri Suriya Varman Rajadhiraja [Sri Suriya Varman I], King of Cambodia - see below.

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1346 - 1346 Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Rajankariya Brhat Sidhanta Rajadhiraja Ramadipati, King of Cambodia. b. 1294, younger son of Brhat Pada Samdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Parama Rajadhiraja Dharmika Vararattana Parama Maha Chakrapatra Sanithya Isvara Kumbul Krung Kambuja Maha Indrapati Rattana Sela Adipati Sri Sudha Pawara Gururatta Rajadhani Purirama Udama Maha Sadhana Amara Vimanavatana Sattal Sakula Ridhi Vishnuvakama Prasidhi Brhat Paramanatha Parama Bupati, King of Cambodia, by his wife, Queen (Samdach Brhat Bhagavati) Sri Chandravathi Varavathirajini Maha Kshatryi, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his elder brother, 1346. He reigned for only three or six months, and then abdicated in favour of his nephew 1346. Granted the title of Maha Upayuvaraja after his abdication.

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1346 - 1349 Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Parama Lambangsasa Rajadhiraja Ramadipati, King of Cambodia. b. 1320, educ. privately. Appointed as Heir Apparent and crowned with the title of Samdach Brhat Maha Uparaja by his uncle in 1347. Succeeded on his death and crowned as Supreme King of Cambodia, 1347. He d. from an illness during the retreat from the Siamese at Ankhor, late 1349, having had issue:
- 1) Prince (Brhat) Parama Rama, who succeeded as Brhat Pada Samdach Brhat Parama Ramadipati, King of Cambodia - see below.
- 2) Prince (Brhat) Dharmasukharaja, who succeeded as Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Dharmasukha Maharajadhiraja, King of Cambodia - see below.

The Ayudhya Dynasty of Siam

1353 - 1355 Brhat Chau Basath, fourth son of Samdach Brhat Chao Ramadhipati Brhat Chao Krung Deva Maha Negara Pawara Devarattavadi Sri Ayudhya [Ramadhipati I], King of Ayudhya [Siam]. Cdr. of the Eastern Army invating from Siam. Placed on the Cambodian throne by his father, 1353. He d. 1355.

1355 Brhat Chau Baat, third son of Samdach Brhat Chau Ramadipati Brhat Chau Krung Sri Ayudhya [Ramadipati I], King of Siam. Cdr of the Southern Army invating from Siam. Succeeded on the death of his brother, 1355. He d. of cholera, three months after his accession, 1355.

1355 - 1357 Brhat Chau Kambang-Pisey, second son of Samdach Brhat Chau Ramadipati Brhat Chau Krung Sri Ayudhya [Ramadipati I], King of Siam. Cdr. of the Western Army that invaded from Siam. Succeeded on the death of his brother, 1355. Disappeared during the battles with Sri Suriya Tei.

The Varman Dynasty (restored)

1357 - 1362 Brhat Pada Samdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Sri Suriya Varman Rajadhiraja [Suriya Varman I], King of Cambodia. b. 1314, son of Prince (Brhat) Sugandarapada, and grandson of Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Rajankariya Brhat Parama Nirvana Pada Paramanatha Parama Bupati, King of Cambodia, educ. privately. Escaped to Laos after the Siamese capture of Ankhor in 1352 and returned with an army of liberation in 1353. Recognised by the provincial governors and the nobilty. Expelled the Siamese from the eastern provinces, but failed to liberate Korat and Prachin. He d. from an illness, 1362, having had issue.

1362 - 1373 Brhat Pada Samdach Brhat Parama Ramadipati, King of Cambodia. b. 1341, elders on of Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Parama Lambangsasa Rajadhiraja Ramadipati, King of Cambodia, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his cousin, 1362. Crowned 1366. He d.s.p. from an illness, 1373.

1373 - 1394 Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Dharmasukha Maharajadhiraja, King of Cambodia. b. 1344, younger son of Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Parama Lambangsasa Rajadhiraja Ramadipati, King of Cambodia, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his elder brother, 1373. Defeated and expelled by a Siamese army, 1394. He was k. by the Siamese at Ankhor, 1394, having had issue, three sons:
- 1) Prince (Brhat) Sukharaja, who succeeded as Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Parama Sukharaja Maharajadhiraja, King of Cambodia - see below.
- 2) Prince (Chau Banya) Keo.
- 3) Prince (Chau Banya) Daya.

The Ayudhya Dynasty of Siam

1394 - 1401 Chau Brhat Indrapuri Rajadhiraja [Chau Banya Praksha], King of Cambodia, son of Samdach Brhat Chau Paramaraja, King of Siam. Appointed as King of Cambodia with the title of Chau Brhat Indrapuri Rajadhiraja, 1394. Succeeded as King of Siam in 1401.

The Varman Dynasty (restored)

1401 - 1417 Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Sri Suriya Varman Rajadhiraja [Sri Suriya Varman II], King of Cambodia. b. 1357, elder son of Samdach Brhat Maha Uparaja Brhat Sri Suriyadaya, educ. privately. Appointed as Heir Apparent and crowned with the title of Samdach Brhat Maha Uparaja in 1357. Elected as King by the nobles, following a revolution in Siam, 1401. Crowned with the titles of Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Sri Suriya Varman Rajadhiraja. He d. 1417, having had issue:
- 1) Prince (Chau Banya) Yatha [Yeat], who succeeded as Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Padma Khattiya Varodhama Parama Maharajadhiraja Ramadhipati Brhat Sri Suriyabarnaya Padma Kshatra Sadhitya Isvara Kambul Katumuckha Mangala Maha Negara Pnam Tunapania [Paramaraja II], King of Cambodia - see below.

1417 - 1421 Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Paramasukha Maharajadhiraja, King of Cambodia. b. 1388, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his uncle, 1417 aged twenty-nine years. Established his capital at Eyntapath, where he was k. in a siege, 1421 (aged thirty-two years).

1421 - 1463 Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Padma Khattiya Varodhama Parama Maharajadhiraja Ramadhipati Brhat Sri Suriyabarnaya Padma Kshatra Sadhitya Isvara Kambul Katumukha Mangala Maha Negara Bhnam Tun Ben [Paramaraja II], King of Cambodia. b. before 1384, as Chau Banya Yatha [Yeat], son of Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Sri Suriya Varman Rajadhiraja [Sri Suriya Varman II], King of Cambodia, educ. privately. Elected by the nobles of the kingdom and assumed the title of Brhat Pada Samdach Brhat Parama Rajadhiraja Ramadipati in1421. Crowned with the title of Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Parama Rajadhiraja Ramadipati Brhat Sri Suriya Varman Dharmika Maharajadhiraja Brhat Paramanatha Parama Bupati, 1423. Sent an Embassy to the Emperor of China. Moved his court to Basan in 1431. Abdicated in favour of his eldest son and assumed the title of Brhat Maha Upayuvaraja Parama Bupati, 1431. Established his capital at Sri Santhura [Srey Santhor], in opposition to the Siamese in 1435. Assumed the title of Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Padma Khattiya Varodhama Parama Maharajadhiraja Ramadhipati Brhat Sri Suriyabarnaya Padma Kshatra Sadhitya Isvara Kambul Katumukha Mangala Maha Negara Pnam Tunapania ca. 1437. Abdicated in favour of his eldest son and assumed the title of Samdach Brhat Maha Upayuvaraja Parama Bupati 1463. m. (first) Queen Samdach Brhat Sri Siraniama [Sri Sra Niem] Snak-Ekka Sandamika, daughter of Samdach Brhat Indraraja, King of Siam. m. (second) Munang Devati Chandra [Can]. m. (third) Munang Kesara. He d. at Katumukha Bhnam Tun Ben (Phnom Penh?), 1467, having had issue, five sons and a daughter:
- 1) Prince (Chau Banya) Gamakatra [Gamkhat], who succeeded as Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Narayanaraja Ramadipati Brhat Sri Suriyabarna Dharmika Maharajadhiraja Parama Bupati [Neareay Reachea], King of Cambodia (s/o Queen Sri Siraniama) - see below.
  2) Prince (Brhat) Sri Raja [Serey Reachea], who succeeded as Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Sri Rajadhiraja Brhat Ramadipati Paramanatha Maha Bupati, King of Cambodia (s/o Devati Chandra) - see below.
- 3) Prince (Chau Banya) Thiyararaja [Tieraraja] (s/o Munang Kesara), educ. privately. Contested the succession on the death of his eldest brother. Proclaimed himself King with the title of Samdach Brhat Sri Sudhaya. m. Bachri. He had issue two sons:
- 4) Prince (Chau Banya) Dharmaraja, who succeeded as Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Maha Dharmaraja Chakrapati Raja Dhiptindra Narindra Narayana Naranadajati Varavarman Amaratilaka Ekkaraja Khattiya Paramadhipasa Visestha Saksasetha Mahatilaka Bhavna Nabvatula Sukala Kambuja Maha Indrapati Gururatta Rajadhani Rattana Sela Maha Kambuja Adiptindra Lokanada Jatikumara Maha Negara Pawara Raja Varman Katumukha Bhnam Tun Ben [Maha Dharmaraja], King of Cambodia (s/o Queen Sri Siraniama)- see below.
- 5) Prince (Chau Banya) Nujavatta [Nocorvat].
- 1) Samdach Brhat Bhagavati Devi Sri Thida Rajavi, the Akka Mahasuri (Queen-sister). m. her half-brother, Brhat Pada Samdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Maha Dharma Rajadhiraja Ramadhiraja Adipati, King of Cambodia. (b. 1446; d. from illness at Phnom Penh, 1494), younger son of her father Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Parama Rajadhiraja Ramadipati Brhat Sri Suriyavar Dharmika Maharajadhiraja Brhat Paramanath Parama Bupati [Paramaraja II], King of Cambodia, by a Siamese lady. She had issue - see below.

1463 - 1468 Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Narayanaraja Ramadipati Brhat Sri Suriyabarna Dharmika Maharajadhiraja Parama Bupati [Neareay Reachea], King of Cambodia. b. 1418, as Chau Banya Gamakatra [Gamkhat], eldest son of Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Parama Rajadhiraja Ramadipati Brhat Sri Suriya Varman Dharmika Maharajadhiraja Brhat Paramanatha Parama Bupati [Paramaraja II], King of Cambodia, by his wife, Queen Sri Sraniama Snak-Ekka, educ. privately. Granted the title of Brhat Abaya Sakarama Gamakatra [Abhai Sakanama Gamkhat]. Appointed as Heir Apparent and crowned with the title of Samdach Brhat Raja Urasaratta Vadhanariraksha Ekka Akka Uttama Parama Maha Uparaja Isvaradhipti Parama Bupati 1441. Established his residence at Jroy Ralous. Succeeded on the abdication of his father, 1463. Crowned with the title of Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Narayanaraja Ramadipati Brhat Sri Suriyabarna Dharmika Maharajadhiraja Parama Bupati. Lost control over large parts of the country following the rebellion of his son. Famed as a great builder of temples and pagodas. m. (first) Queen Samdach Brhat Sri Brhat Kesara, previously styled Anak Nang Brhat Kesara. m. (second) Munang Kaeva [Keo]. He d. 1468, having had issue, a son:
- 1) Prince (Brhat) Narayana Rama, who succeeded as Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Sri Suryadaya Rajadhiraja, King of Cambodia (s/o Munang Kaeva) - see below.

1468 - 1474 Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Sri Suryadaya Rajadhiraja, King of Cambodia. b. 1457, as Prince Narayana Rama, son of Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Narayanaraja Ramadipati Brhat Sri Suriyabarna Dharmika Maharajadhiraja Parama Bupati [Neareay Reachea], King of Cambodia, by his junior wife, Munang Kaeva, educ. privately. He began a rebellion against his father, established control over the provinces of Kampong Siem, Stung Trang, Baray, Chung Prei and Saigon. Crowned as Supreme King with the title of Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Sri Suryadaya Rajadhiraja, King of (Krung Srok) Sri Santhura (Baura-Baurey), 1472. Defeated at the battle of Pursat and retreated, but continued to contest the throne. Captured by Siamese troops and exiled to Ayudhya, 1474. Settled at Sri Sa Khar. He d. at Ayudhaya, 1479.

1468 - 1484 Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Sri Rajadhiraja Brhat Ramadipati Paramanatha Maha Bupati [Serey Reachea], King of Cambodia. b. 1437, as Prince Sri Raja, second son of Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Parama Rajadhiraja Ramadipati Brhat Sri Suriya Varman Dharmika Maharajadhiraja Brhat Paramanatha Parama Bupati [Paramaraja II], King of Cambodia, by his second wife, Munang Devati Chandra [Can], educ. privately. Appointed as Heir Apparent by his elder brother and crowned with the title of Samdach Brhat Maha Uparaja, 1463. Elected on the death of his elder brother 1468. Crowned with the title of Brhat Pada Samdach Sdach Brhat Rajankariya Brhat Sri Rajadhiraja Brhat Ramadipati Paramanatha Maha Bupati. His succession was disputed and the kingdom fractured into three rival realms, but he continued to hold sway in the northern provinces. Captured by the Siamese after they had conquered the provinces of Chantabun, Khorat and Angkor in 1476. Removed to Siam and placed in detention there. m. Brhat Mae Nang Kesara [Kesar]. He d. in Siam, 1484, having had issue, a son:
- 1) Prince (Samdach Brhat Chau Fa) Siddhanaraja. b. in Siam, 1482, as Chau Banya Un [Ong], educ. privately. Granted the title of Brhat Anga Raja. Adopted by King Chakrapatti of Siam and given the name Samdach Brhat Chau Fa Siddhanaraja 1505. Granted the province of Savanakhaloka, where he ruled as a vassal prince. Invaded Cambodia to contest the succession in 1534. m. 1505, a daughter of Samdach Brhat Maha Chakrapati Rajadhiraja, King of Siam, by a junior wife, Brhat Devi. He d. ca. 1545.

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